The risk of behavioral problems increased along with the mother's mobile phone use during pregnancy. Women who used handsets two or three times per day while pregnant were 54 percent more likely to give birth to children who developed behavioral problems by the time they reached school age than women who did not use them.
If children used the phones themselves, they were 80 percent more likely to suffer behavioral difficulties, 25 percent more likely to suffer from emotional problems, and 34 percent more likely to have trouble relating to their peers, 35 percent more likely to be hyperactive and 49 percent more likely to have conduct problems than children who did not use mobile phones.
Saying that they did not know of any biological mechanism by which mobile phones could cause behavioral problems, the researchers urged that their results "should be interpreted with caution." They also suggested that there might be some correlation between cellular phone use and some other factor that leads to behavioral difficulties - such as neglect by a mother that spends too much time on the phone.
The researchers attempted to demonstrate that some other confounding factor - such as smoking during pregnancy, socioeconomic status or a family history of mental illness - had caused the behavioral effects observed. But when they corrected for these factors, the contribution of mobile phones actually became statistically stronger.
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